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precious stone

  • 1 gemma

    gemma, ae, f. [cf. Gr. gemô, to be full; Lat. gumia;

    lit. a fulness, swelling. The ancients supposed the original meaning to be a precious stone,

    Quint. 8, 6, 6; cf. Cic. Or. 24, 81; id. de Or. 3, 38, 155], a bud, eye, or gem on a plant.
    I.
    Lit.:

    ineunte vere exsistit tamquam ad articulos sarmentorum ea, quae gemma dicitur,

    Cic. de Sen. 15, 53:

    (pampinus) trudit gemmas et frondes explicat omnes,

    Verg. G. 2, 335;

    jam laeto turgent in palmite gemmae,

    id. E. 7, 48; Col. 4, 29, 4.—
    II.
    Transf. (from the resemblance to buds in shape and color), a precious stone, esp. one already cut, a jewel, gem, the predom. signif. of the word (opp. lapillus, one that is opaque, v. Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 17; cf.

    also: margarita, unio): nego in Sicilia tota... ullam gemmam aut margaritam, quicquam ex auro aut ebore factum... quin conquisierit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

    pocula ex auro gemmis distincta clarissimis,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §

    62: vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

    id. ib.:

    Cyri ornatus Persicus multo auro multisque gemmis,

    id. de Sen. 17, 59:

    gemmas sunt qui non habeant,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 180:

    cum virides gemmas collo circumdedit (mulier),

    Juv. 6, 458:

    non gemmis venale,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 7:

    vitrea,

    i. e. a false gem, Plin. 35, 6, 30, § 48;

    also called facticia,

    id. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

    nec premit articulos lucida gemma meos,

    Ov. H. 15, 74:

    nec sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmae,

    Juv. 1, 29: usus luxuriantis aetatis signaturas pretiosis gemmis coepit insculpere, Capitol. ap. Macr. S. 7, 13, 11; Vulg. Exod. 25, 7 et saep. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    Things made of precious stones.
    (α).
    A drinking-vessel, goblet or cup, made of a precious stone:

    nec bibit e gemma divite nostra sitis,

    Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 4; cf.:

    ut gemmā bibat,

    Verg. G. 2, 506:

    gemmā ministrare,

    Sen. Prov. 3 fin.; cf.

    also: in gemma posuere merum,

    Ov. M. 8, 572.—
    (β).
    A seal ring, signet:

    protinus impressā signat sua crimina gemmā,

    Ov. M. 9, 566; cf. Plin. 37, 1, 2, § 3; 37, 5, 20, § 78: arguit ipsorum quos littera gemmaque, Juv. 13, 138; 1, 68.—Hence, comically: Pl. Opsecro parentis ne meos mihi prohibeas? Cu. Quid? ego sub gemmane apstrussos habeo tuam matrem et patrem? i. e. under lock and key, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 8.—
    b.
    A pearl ( poet.): legitur rubris gemma sub aequoribus. Prop. 1, 14, 12:

    cedet Erythraeis eruta gemma vadis,

    Mart. 8, 28, 14. —
    c.
    The eyes of the peacock's tail:

    gemmis caudam stellantibus implet,

    Ov. M. 1, 723; cf.:

    gemmea cauda,

    Phaedr. 3, 18, 8). —
    B.
    Trop., like gem in English, ornament, beauty (post-Aug. and very rare):

    multas in digitis, plures in carmine gemmas Invenies,

    Mart. 5, 11, 3:

    Hesperius gemma amicorum,

    Sid. Ep. 4, 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gemma

  • 2 gemma

        gemma ae, f    [GEM-], a bud, eye, gem: turgent in palmite gemmae, V.— A precious stone, jewel, gem: gemmas coëmere: pocula gemmis distincta: ornatus multis gemmis: maior, Iu.— A wrought gem: ut gemmā bibat, a goblet carved of a precious stone, V.: signat sua crimina gemmā, seal-ring, O.: Arguit ipsorum quos littera gemmaque, Iu.— An eye (of a peacock's tail), O.
    * * *
    bud; jeweli gem, precious stone, amber; cup (material); seal, signet; game piece

    Latin-English dictionary > gemma

  • 3 lapillus

        lapillus ī, m dim.    [lapis], a little stone, pebble: lapillos Tollunt (apes), V., O.— A voting pebble, ballot (white for acquittal, black for condemnation): nivei atrique lapilli, O.— A precious stone, gem, jewel: inter niveos viridesque lapillos, i. e. pearls and emeralds, H.: Libyci, bits of Numidian marble, H.
    * * *
    little stone, pebble; precious stone, gem, jewel

    Latin-English dictionary > lapillus

  • 4 lapis

        lapis idis, m     a stone: undique lapides in murum iaci coepti sunt, Cs.: eminus lapidibus pugnare, S.: lapides omnīs flere ac lamentari coëgisses: Ossa lapis fiunt, O.: bibulus, pumicestone, V.: Parius, Parian marble, V.: lapides varios radere, mosaic, H.: lapide diem candidiore notare, to mark as a lucky day, Ct.—As a term of reproach: i, quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis? T. —A monument to mark distance, mile-stone (at intervals of 1000 paces): sextus ab urbe lapis, O.: intra vicensimum lapidem, L.—The auctioneer's stone at a slave sale, platform: praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos.—A landmark, boundary-stone: sacer, L.—A grave-stone, tomb-stone: his scriptus notis, Tb.: ultimus, Pr.—A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl: gemmas et lapides, H.: clari lapides, H.—A statue: Iovem lapidem iurare, the statue of Jupiter: albus, a marble table, H.
    * * *
    I
    stone; milestone; jewel
    II
    stone; milestone; jewel

    Latin-English dictionary > lapis

  • 5 lapis

    lăpis, ĭdis (abl. lapi, Enn. ap. Prisc. 708 P.; gen. plur. lapiderum, C. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), m. (f.: tanto sublatae sunt augmine tunc lapides, Enn. ap. Non. 211, 9) [etym. dub.; perh. from same root with rupes; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 545; not connected with laas, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 542], a stone (cf.: saxum, silex, cautes, cos, calculus).
    I.
    In gen.:

    stillicidi casus lapidem cavat,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    undique lapides in murum jaci coepti sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Mil. 15, 41:

    pars eminus glande aut lapidibus pugnare,

    Sall. J. 57, 4:

    lapide percussus,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33:

    lapidem habere, ut illi cerebrum excutiam,

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 197:

    consul ingentem vim modicorum, qui funda mitti possent, lapidum paraverat,

    Liv. 38, 20, 1; Gell. 4, 14, 3 sqq.:

    e lapide duro parietes construere,

    Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 171:

    lapis duritia marmoris,

    id. 36, 22, 46, § 163:

    bibulus,

    sandstone, pumice-stone, Verg. G. 2, 348:

    molaris,

    a millstone, Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf.:

    num me illue ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit?

    i. e. into the mill, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16: Parius, Parian stone, i. e. Parian marble, Verg. A. 1, 593:

    lapide candidiore diem notare,

    i. e. to mark with a white stone the luckiest day, Cat. 68, 148; cf. lapillus.—
    B.
    Trop. for dulness, stupidity, want of feeling:

    ego me credidi homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maximo,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47:

    i, quid stas, lapis? quin accipis?

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 43:

    tu, inquam, mulier, quae me omnino lapidem, non hominem putas,

    id. Hec. 2, 1, 17;

    and with silex (q. v.): tu es lapide silice stultior,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 78; cf.:

    lapides mehercule omnes flere ac lamentari coëgisses,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245:

    lapis est ferrumque suam quicumque puellam verberat,

    Tib. 1, 10, 59:

    aut mare prospiciens in saxo frigida sedi, quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui,

    Ov. H. 19, 30.—Prov.:

    lapidem ferre altera manu, altera panem ostentare,

    i. e. to flatter openly and injure secretly, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18:

    verberare lapidem,

    i. e. to hurt one's self more than one's enemy, id. Curc. 1, 3, 41:

    lapides loqui,

    to speak hard words, id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

    ad eundem lapidem bis offendere,

    to commit the same error twice, Aus. Ep. 11; so,

    bis ad eundem (sc. lapidem),

    Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    A mile-stone, set up on the roads at every thousand paces, which made a Roman mile;

    hence, with an ordinal numeral added to denote distance in miles: ad quartum et vicesimum lapidem a Roma,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; cf.:

    effoditur ad vigesimum ab Urbe lapidem,

    Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159:

    sacra videt fieri sextus ab Urbe lapis,

    Ov. F. 6, 682:

    intra vicesimum lapidem,

    Liv. 5, 4 fin.:

    duodecimum apud lapidem,

    Tac. A. 3, 45:

    a tertio lapide,

    Flor. 2, 6 fin.: ad lapidem undecimum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.—Sometimes ellipt. without lapis:

    ad duodecimum a Cremona,

    Tac. H. 2, 24:

    ad quartum,

    id. ib. 2, 39:

    ad octavum,

    id. ib. 3, 15.—
    B.
    The stone or stone elevation on which the prætor stood at slavesales:

    in eo ipso astas lapide, ubi praeco praedicat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17; Col. 3, 3, 8:

    praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos,

    Cic. Pis. 15, 35.—
    C.
    Terminalis, a landmark, boundary-stone, Amm. 18, 2, 15;

    called lapis alone,

    Lact. 1, 20 fin.; so,

    lapis sacer,

    Liv. 41, 13; cf.:

    non fixus in agris, qui regeret certis finibus arva, lapis,

    Tib. 1, 3, 44; cf. id. 1, 1, 12.—
    D.
    A gravestone, tombstone, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 37; Tib. 1, 3, 54;

    called also ultimus,

    Prop. 1, 17, 20.—
    E.
    A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl (mostly poet.), Cat. 69, 3:

    gemmas et lapides,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 48:

    clari lapides,

    id. ib. 4, 13, 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 432; Sil. 12, 231; Mart. 11, 50, 4; Tac. A. 3, 53; Macr. S. 7, 13, 11.—
    F.
    A statue: Jovem lapidem jurare, the statue of Jupiter at the Capitol, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; Gell. 1, 21, 4; v. Juppiter.—
    * 2.
    Meton.:

    albus,

    a table of white marble, a marble table, Hor. S. 1, 6, 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lapis

  • 6 sardonyx

        sardonyx ychis, m and f, σαρδόνυξ, a precious stone, sardonyx, Iu.
    * * *
    sardonychos/is N C
    sardonyx, precious stone

    Latin-English dictionary > sardonyx

  • 7 smaragdus

        smaragdus ī, m and f, σμάραγδοσ, a green precious stone, cmerald, beryl, jasper: clari, O.
    * * *
    green precious stone; emerald; beryl, jasper

    Latin-English dictionary > smaragdus

  • 8 sardius

    I
    sardia, sardium ADJ
    carnelian/sardian; (deep red of a precious stone)
    II
    carnelian/sardian; (deep red precious stone)

    Latin-English dictionary > sardius

  • 9 callaina

    callaïs, ĭdis, f., = kallaïs, a sea-green precious stone, the turquoise, Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 151 (in Sol. 20 called callaica).—Hence,
    II.
    callăĭnus, a, um, adj., turquoisecolored:

    lacernae,

    Mart. 14, 139.— Subst.: callăĭna, ae, f., a precious stone of a pale-green color, Plin. 37, 8, 33, § 110 sq.; 37, 10, 54, § 147; cf. id. 37, 10, 56, § 151.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callaina

  • 10 callainus

    callaïs, ĭdis, f., = kallaïs, a sea-green precious stone, the turquoise, Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 151 (in Sol. 20 called callaica).—Hence,
    II.
    callăĭnus, a, um, adj., turquoisecolored:

    lacernae,

    Mart. 14, 139.— Subst.: callăĭna, ae, f., a precious stone of a pale-green color, Plin. 37, 8, 33, § 110 sq.; 37, 10, 54, § 147; cf. id. 37, 10, 56, § 151.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callainus

  • 11 callais

    callaïs, ĭdis, f., = kallaïs, a sea-green precious stone, the turquoise, Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 151 (in Sol. 20 called callaica).—Hence,
    II.
    callăĭnus, a, um, adj., turquoisecolored:

    lacernae,

    Mart. 14, 139.— Subst.: callăĭna, ae, f., a precious stone of a pale-green color, Plin. 37, 8, 33, § 110 sq.; 37, 10, 54, § 147; cf. id. 37, 10, 56, § 151.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callais

  • 12 chryselectrum

    chrysēlectrum, i, n., = chrusêlektron.
    I.
    Gold-colored amber, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51.—
    II.
    chrysē-lectrus, i, f., a dark-yellow precious stone, perh. amber-colored hyacinth, Plin. 37, 9, 43, § 127.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chryselectrum

  • 13 chryselectrus

    chrysēlectrum, i, n., = chrusêlektron.
    I.
    Gold-colored amber, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51.—
    II.
    chrysē-lectrus, i, f., a dark-yellow precious stone, perh. amber-colored hyacinth, Plin. 37, 9, 43, § 127.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chryselectrus

  • 14 chrysites

    chrysītes, ae, m., = chrusitês.
    I.
    A precious stone, also called phloginos, Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 179.—
    II.
    Another gold-colored precious stone, Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 157.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chrysites

  • 15 leucochrysos

    leucochrysos, i, m., = leukochrusos.
    I.
    A precious stone, a species of chrysolite, Plin. 37, 9, 44, § 128.—
    II.
    A white precious stone, clear as crystal, Plin. 37, 10, 62, § 172.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > leucochrysos

  • 16 gemmeus

    gemmĕus, a, um, adj. [id.], of precious stones, set or adorned with precious stones.
    I.
    Lit.:

    mittit etiam trullam gemmeam rogatum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

    supellex,

    Sen. Ep. 110 med.:

    juga,

    Ov. F. 2, 74.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Like a jewel or precious stone:

    radix gemmeae rotunditatis,

    Plin. 18, 7, 13, § 71.—
    B.
    Glittering, shining, sparkling, like jewels:

    pictisque plumis gemmeam caudam explicas,

    Phaedr. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

    gemmei pavones,

    Mart. 3, 58, 13 (and v. gemma, II. 2. c.):

    Euripus viridis et gemmeus,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 1; cf.:

    prata florida et gemmea,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 11:

    quos rumor albā gemmeus vehit pennā,

    Mart. 10, 3, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gemmeus

  • 17 lapillus

    lăpillus, i, m. dim. [lapis], a little stone, a pebble (perh. not ante-Aug.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis,

    Ov. M. 11, 604; Plin. 10, 23, 30, § 59 sq. —Lucky days were marked with white, and unlucky ones with black stones (cf. calculus, 2. e.);

    hence: felix utraque lux diesque nobis Signandi melioribus lapillis,

    i. e. with white stones, Mart. 9, 53, 5; cf.:

    hunc Macrine, diem numera meliore lapillo,

    Pers. 2, 1; cf. also Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131. —In trials at law, a white stone was cast as a vote for acquittal, a black stone for condemnation:

    mos erat antiquus niveis atrisque lapillis, His damnare reos, illis absolvere culpa,

    Ov. M. 15, 41.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Stone in the bladder, gravel:

    ejectus calculoso,

    Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 42.—
    B.
    A precious stone, gem, jewel; marble, etc.: inter niveos viridesque lapillos, i. e. pearls and emeralds, Hor. S. 1, 2, 80:

    caris aures onerare lapillis,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 129:

    indici,

    Mart. 1, 110, 4:

    Libyci,

    bits of Numidian marble, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 19.—
    C.
    A tombstone, Inscr. ap. Murat. 1536, 6; cf. Burm. Anth. Lat. 2, p. 269.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lapillus

  • 18 cylindrus

        cylindrus drī, m, κύλινδροσ, a cylinder,— A cylindrical stone for levelling, roller, V.—A precious stone in the form of a cylinder, Iu.
    * * *
    cylinder; stone roller (for leveling the ground); gem cut in cylindrical form

    Latin-English dictionary > cylindrus

  • 19 alabastrites

    ălăbastrītes, ae, m., = alabastritês.
    I.
    A stone, composed of carbonate of lime (not of gypsum, like the modern alabaster), alabaster-stone; also called onyx and onychites, from which unguent and perfume boxes were made, Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 60.—
    II.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alabastrites

  • 20 metallum

    mĕtallum, i, n., = metallon, a mine or quarry, of gold, silver, iron, or stone; voc. metalle, as if from metallus, Spart. Pesc. Nig. 126.
    I.
    Lit., the place where metals are dug, a mine:

    metalla vetera intermissa recoluit, et nova multis locis instituit,

    Liv. 39, 24:

    sandaracae,

    Vitr. 7, 7, 5:

    aurifera,

    gold-mines, Luc. 3, 209:

    silicum,

    stone-quarry, id. 4, 304:

    miniarium,

    Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

    praeter annuum, quod ex metallis regiis capia, vectigal,

    Liv. 42, 12: herba tantae suavitatis, ut metallum esse coeperit, a mine, i. e. that a tax was raised from it as from a mine, Plin. 21, 7, 20, § 44: damnare in metallum, to condemn to labor in the mines or quarries:

    damnatus in metallum,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

    condemnare aliquem ad metalla,

    Suet. Calig. 27:

    mediocrium delictorum poenae sunt metallum, ludus, deportatio,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3; 5, 3, 5:

    dare aliquem in metallum,

    Dig. 48, 19, 8:

    metallo plecti,

    ib. 47, 11, 7:

    puniri,

    ib. 48, 13, 6.—
    II. 1.
    A metal, as gold, silver, or iron:

    ubicumque una inventa vena argenti est, non procul invenitur alia. Hoc quidem et in omni fere materia: unde metalla Graeci videntur dixisse,

    Plin. 33. 6, 31, §

    96: auri,

    Verg. A. 8, 445:

    potior metallis libertas,

    i. e. gold and silver, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 39:

    aeris,

    Verg. G. 2, 165:

    pejoraque saecula ferri temporibus, quorum... nomen a nullo posuit natura metallo,

    Juv. 13, 30.—
    2.
    Other things dug from the earth.
    (α).
    Marble, Stat. S. 4, 3, 98.—
    (β).
    Precious stone:

    radiantium metalla gemmarum,

    Pacat. Pan. 4.—
    (γ).
    Chalk:

    admiscetur creta... Campani negant alicam confici sine eo metallo posse,

    Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 114.—
    (δ).
    Sulphur:

    utque est ingenium vivacis metalli (sulphuris),

    App. M. 9. p. 228, 23.—
    (ε).
    Salt:

    metallum fragile,

    Prud. Hamart. 744.—
    III.
    Trop., metal, stuff, material:

    saecula meliore metallo,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 184:

    mores meliore metallo,

    id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 137.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > metallum

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